INTRODUCTION
Conflict resolution education programs focus on developing
critical skills and abilities for a person to deal constructively with
conflict. In most cases these programs occur in schools, but they may also be
used in after-school programs, community centers, church groups, etc.
What do children learn in conflict resolution
education? These programs give children an understanding of the nature of
conflict-what conflict is and how it develops as well as what one can do to
manage it. Children learn to appreciate that conflict exists whenever there is
a disagreement about goals and/or methods to achieve those goals; and as a
result, conflict is natural, necessary, and important. Children learn to
understand the dynamics of power and influence that operate in all conflict
situations. Furthermore, they become aware of the role of culture in how we see
and respond to conflict.
An awareness of the nature of conflict helps
children appreciate the variety of ways that people can manage or respond to
conflict-another common program component. By learning a range of conflict
styles (such as competing, collaborating, accommodating, avoiding, and
compromising), children can consider the advantages and disadvantages of each.
As effective conflict managers know, no approach to conflict management works
all the time; the key is to know which approach is best for the situation at
hand. However, conflict resolution education emphasizes that a violent response
to conflict is almost never an appropriate response.
MEANING AND SOME DEFINITIONS OF CONFLICT RESOLUTION AND PEACE EDUCATION
Definitions of Conflict Resolution • “Conflict
resolution is a range of methods for alleviating or eliminating sources of
conflict.” —Wikipeadia • “Conflict resolution is the understanding of dynamics
of human negotiation among confiding interest groups and how to achieve mutual
agreement.” —Bill Warters (2000)
The
Peace Education Working Group at UNICEF defines peace education as "the
process of promoting the knowledge, skills, attitudes, and values needed to
bring about behavior changes that will enable children, youth, and adults to
prevent conflict and violence, both overt and structural; to resolve conflict
peacefully; and to create the conditions conducive to peace, whether at an
intrapersonal, interpersonal, inter-group, national, or international
level" (UNICEF 2004) Gavriel Salomon states that peace education usually
includes such topics as "antiracism, conflict resolution,
multiculturalism, cross-cultural training, and the cultivation of a generally
peaceful outlook" (Salomon 2002: 7). Using the UNICEF definition and
Salomon's conclusion, we may consider peace education the larger effort and
conflict resolution education as one of the key areas within peace education.
ROLES OF PEACE EDUCATION IN RESOLVING CONFLICT
1.
Role of Peace Education in Resolving Conflict
• Conflict is a part of life, and its nature is neither good nor had. An
important aspect of conflict is that it includes potential for change, and it
is in this context that Peace Education addresses the issues of conflict,
conflict resolution and its management techniques to teach students how to take
creative approaches to the conflict situations. Thus students can gain
knowledge and skills related to personal growth and development, self-esteem
and respect of others, and developing competence for a nonviolent approach to
future conflict situations.
2. Conflict resolution can be understood as
the central goal and core of Peace Education. Hence the aim of Peace Education
is to provide people with the skills they need to cope with conflict in a
constructive way. • The international role in Peace Education is also expanding
in preventing escalation and reconciliation (understanding) of conflict between
warring parties of individual, community and international level.
3. If we intend to create a peaceful society
we must renew our educational society, which would not have any scope for
inculcating human values. It is Peace Education which inculcates and builds
love, friendship and international understanding, respect and care for the
community life, ecological integrity, social and economic justice, democracy
and nonviolence to build a sustainable and peaceful global society. For those
in the midst of conflict, Peace Education may sow the seeds of understanding
and provide nonviolent tools where violence is the accepted norm.
4. Peace Education helps to understand where
and why conflict occurs; and also offering skills (for both adults and
students) to manage, reduce, and work toward minimizing conflict.
5. As J. Krishnamurthi stressed “Without an
integrated understanding of life, our individual and collective problems will
only deepen and extend. The purpose of education is not to produce mere
scholars, technicians and job hunters, but integrated men and women who are
free of fear; for only between such human beings can there be enduring peace.”
For those who are emerging from conflict, Peace Education presents an
opportunity to confront the historical myths that often contribute to conflict.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, conflict resolution education
and peace education programs suggests that both areas overlap considerably.
They basic motivations are similar, the goals for programs are similar, and the
key skills and content are similar. Sommers (2001) notes that similarities are
also shared between peace education and many kinds of "values education
programs," such as human rights education, antibias training, and
tolerance education. These all share a commitment to enhancing the quality of
life by emphasizing the dignity of life. In all three examples, violence is
rejected and participants are encouraged to find alternative ways of handling
problems.
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