COMPARE AND CONTRAST ERICK H. ERICKSON PSYCHO-SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT THEORY AND JAMESM ARCIA’S IDENTITY STATUS.
INTRODUCTION R efining and extending Erik Erikson’s work, James Marcia came up with four Identity Statuses of psychological identity development. The main idea is that one’s sense of identity is determined largely by the choices and commitments made regarding certain personal and social traits. Erik Erikson (1902-1994) was a pupil of Sigmund Freud and the first child psychoanalyst in Boston. After extensive study of children from various cultural backgrounds and areas he began to compile this information to form his theories on development, personality, and what forms our identity. Erikson’s theory breaks down psychosocial development into eight (and eventually a final ninth) stages. These stages are delineated by age and characterized by a struggle or crisis that must be overcome in order to adapt and continue to develop. Here is a breakdown of the stages: Infancy (Birth-18 months) – At this stage, we as human beings are completely dependant, helpless. We rely on an extern...